Current situation of traditional Chinese medicine culture propaganda in the field of basic public health / 中国基层医药

This review focuses on the current situation of traditional Chinese medicine culture propaganda in the field of basic public health and summarizes that traditional Chinese medicine culture propaganda in this field adopts health lectures, household surveys, books, videos, billboards, village radio and other forms. The existing single forms of publicity lead to poor awareness of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge and nonsufficient service in the treatment with traditional Chinese medicine. It is suggested to build and improve the health publicity system, mobilize the residents' senses in an all-round way, and promote nationwide body health.

Analysis for genetic polymorphism of OSU49 locus on Y chromosome / 中国法医学杂志

Objective To investigate genetic polymorphism of OSU49 locus on Y chromosome among 300 unrelated males in Henan Han population and to assess its value in forensic science. Methods Under the case of informed consent, the blood samples were collected from 300 male individuals in Henan Han. The primer was labeled with florescent. PCR products were separated from ABI 3130 genetic analyzer. According to the typing test results, the sequence of different alleles was analyzed. Result OSU49 locus contained both pentanucleotide and tetranucleotide core sequence. In the Han population of Henan, the motif of OSU49 locus was showed (CTTTC)pCTT(CCCT)7 T(CTTTC)1(TCTT)5(TCCT)m(TCTT)nTCT(TCCT)4. The number of pentanucleotide repeats varied from12 to 17, and the number of tetranucleotide repeats varied from 20 to 30. Nomenclature for allele was according to the length of the fragment. A total of 34 alleles were detected. The gene diversity was 0.9186 and the discrimination power was 0.9155. Conclusion The complex repeats of locus OSU49 was highly polymorphic in Henan Han population, which can be used in forensic science and human genetics studies.

Analysis of COL1A1 gene mutation in an ethnic Han Chinese family from Henan affected with osteogenesis imperfecta / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify potential mutation of COL1A1 gene in an ethnic Han Chinese family from Henan affected with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Peripheral blood samples were collected from all 11 members of the family and 50 healthy adults for the extraction of genomic DNA. All exons and introns of the COL1A1 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and subjected to direct sequencing. Mutations found in the proband were analyzed through comparison with other members of the family, 50 healthy individuals and sequence from the GenBank.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifteen sequence variants were discovered, which included 1 missense mutation, 1 synonymous mutation and 13 intronic mutations. All of the 4 patients from the family were detected as having carried a novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.4193T>G, p.I1398S) in exon 50 of the COL1A1 gene. The father of the proband has carried the same mutation but had a normal phenotype. The same mutation was not found in other healthy members of the family.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The OI type of this family may have been autosomal dominant with incomplete penetrance or autosomal recessive associated with COL1A1 gene mutations.</p>

Preparation and characterization of tetrandrine-loaded PLGA nanocomposite particles by premix membrane emulsification coupled with spray-drying method / 药学学报

For effective inhalable dry-powder drug delivery, tetrandrine-PLGA (polylactic-co-glycolic acid) nanocomposite particles have been developed to overcome the disadvantages of nanoparticles and microparticles. The primary nanoparticles were prepared by using premix membrane emulsification method. To prepare second particles, they were spray dried. The final particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dry laser particle size analysis, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared analysis (IR) and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The average size of the primary particles was (337.5 ± 6.2) nm, while that second particles was (3.675 ± 0.16) μm which can be decomposed into primary nanoparticles in water. And the second particles were solid sphere-like with the drug dispersed as armorphous form in them. It is a reference for components delivery to lung in a new form.

The influence of spray drying process conditions on physical, chemical properties and lung inhaling performance of Panax notoginseng saponins - tanshinone II A composite particles / 药学学报

This study is to report the influence of conditions in spray drying process on physical and chemical properties and lung inhaling performance of Panax notoginseng Saponins - Tanshinone II A composite particles. According to the physical and chemical properties of the two types of components within the composite particles, three solvent systems were selected including ethanol, ethanol : acetone (9 : 1, v/v) and ethanol : acetone (4 : 1, v/v), and three inlet temperature: 110 degrees C, 120 degrees C, 130 degrees C to prepare seven different composite particle samples; each sample was characterized using laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) and atomic force microscope (AFM), and their aerodynamic behavior was evaluated by a Next Generation Impactor (NGI). The results indicate that under the conditions of using the mixed solvent system of ethanol--acetone volume ratio of 9 : 1, and the inlet temperature of 110 degrees C, the resulting composite particles showed rough surface, with more tanshinone II A distributing in the outer layer, such composite particles have the best lung inhaling performance and the fine particle fraction (FPF) close to 60%. Finally it is concluded that by adjusting the conditions in co-spray drying process, the distribution amount and existence form of tanshinone II A in the outer layer of the particles can be changed so that to enhance lung inhaling performance of the drug composite particles.

Intestinal absorption of berberine alone and in combinations by rats single pass intestinal perfusion in situ / 药学学报

The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of concentration, intestinal segments, pH, inhibitors of proteins (P-gp), Na(+)-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1) on the intestinal absorption of berberine, and to compare intestinal absorption of berberine in combinations. With phenol red as the indicator, in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) model was used and intestinal absorption of pure berberine at concentrations of 36.70, 46.17 and 92.33 microg x mL(-1), simulated system of HLJDT (mixture of berberine, baicalin and geniposide), HLJDT with the concentration of berberine 92.33 microg x mL(-1) in perfusion solution of different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon) were determined by HPLC in combination with diode array detection (DAD). The results indicated that Ka values ofberberine at different concentrations had little significant difference among that obtained after perfusing via duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon indicating that the absorption of berberine was mainly the passive diffusion. It was also suggested that SGLT1 and P-gp might exert some effects on the absorption of berberine. Ka and Peff values of berberine in a mixture of pure compounds and HLJDT for different intestine segments of rat showed an increasing tendency and was significantly different (P < 0.05) indicating that berberine in a mixture of pure compounds and HLJDT was assimilated better in small intestine. These results indicate that the intestinal absorption of berberine may be affected by compatibility of compounds. Additionally, berberine has wide absorption window and better absorption in colon.

Degradation of earthworm extracts prepared by wet superfine grinding in simulated gastrointestinal environment / 药学学报

This is to report the study of degradation of earthworm extracts prepared by wet superfine grinding in simulated gastrointestinal environment. Enzymatic reactions were terminated by adjusting the solution pH or using membrane bioreactor principle. Earthworm protein concentration change was detected by Bradford method, the degraded state of protein was described with SDS-PAGE technology, and the degraded state of small molecule substances was detected by HPLC. The results showed that earthworm protein degraded completely in artificial gastric juice. High molecular weight protein degraded greatly in artificial intestinal fluid, while low molecular weight protein was not significantly degraded. Small molecular substances degradation did not degrade in artificial gastric juice, while they degraded obviously in artificial intestinal fluid, there is even new small molecule substance appeared. Finally it is concluded that the substance that having therapeutic effects in vivo may be some degraded peptide, amino acid and stable small molecules existed in artificial intestinal fluid.

Process of iridoids in gardenia and its effect on relevant enzymes in vivo / 中国中药杂志

To introduces the body process of iridoid in gardenia and effect of biological activity of enzymes systematically and discusses the mechanism of these compounds on the basis of the domestic and foreign recent literatures. It also provides a literature basis for the instruction of rational clinical prescription, reform of dosage forms, and development and utilization.

Effect of ultrafiltration by different membranes on HPLC fingerprint of huanglian jiedu decorction after being / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the change of HPLC fingerprint of Huanglian Jiedu decroction. Huanglian Jiedu decorction was ultrafiltrated by different membranes.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Different relative molecular weight cutoff membranes were used (pes-5w, pes-3w, pes-2w, pes-1w, pes-6k) to explore its effects on content differences among all samples in HPLC. The turbidity, viscosity and other physical and chemical parameters were measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Berberine, baicalein and jatrorrhizine became smaller while geniposide increased. Physicall and chemical parameters also showed regular changes. Taking centrifugate as reference, the similarities of the samples treated with high to low molecular weight cutoff membranes were 0.993, 0.992, 0.984, 0.982, 0.975, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In this study, the ultrafiltration was used, HPLC fingerprint showed the differences of the samples, and the change of the physical and chemical parameters was explored.</p>

Advancements of computer chemistry in separation of Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Separating technique of Chinese medicine is not only a key technique in the field of Chinese medicine' s research and development, but also a significant step in the modernization of Chinese medicinal preparation. Computer chemistry can build model and look for the regulations from Chinese medicine system which is full of complicated data. This paper analyzed the applicability, key technology, basic mode and common algorithm of computer chemistry applied in the separation of Chinese medicine, introduced the mathematic mode and the setting methods of Extraction kinetics, investigated several problems which based on traditional Chinese medicine membrane procession, and forecasted the application prospect.

Comparision of adsorption-desorption dynamics of huanglian jiedu decoction using different macroporous resins combinations / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the techniques for the purification of Huanglian Jiedu decoction by macroporous resins combinations, and to lay the foundation of improvement of dosage forms in clinical application and realization of industrialized production about Huanglian Jiedu decoction.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Four kinds of macroporous resins (X-5, S-8, HPD100, AB-8) were chosen and combined in six different forms. Adsorption and desorption experiments were carried out and contents of six index constituents, gardenoside, baicalin, palmatine, berberine, baicalein and wogonin, in different groups were compared before and after purification.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Adsorption rates of six index constituents in Huanglian Jiedu decoction of different combinations of macroporous resins groups were all nearly 100%, but desorption rates had remarkable differences.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Through comprehensive comparison, macroporous resins combination 6 resulted in high contents of index suitable relatively. It is suitable for purification of Huanglian Jiedu decoction.</p>

Study on separation of essential oil of Caryophylli flos from oil-in-water emulsion by microfiltration / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To separate essential oil of Caryophyllix flos from oil-in-water emulsion, and to enrich the essential oil by microfiltration (MF).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using membrane flux and removal rate of COD as the indicatrixes, the membrane material as well as the operating conditions containing pressure, surface speed, temperature were optimized.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The results showed that QWLM membrane of hydrophilic is the proper membrane, and the best operating conditions was at 0.06 MPa, 60 degrees C, and 150 r min(-1) stir speed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It can be concluded that MF is a reasonable way to enrich essential oil of C. flox.</p>

Study on transmission rate and quantitative structure-property relationships of alkaloids and iridoid compounds on UF membranes with MWCOS of 1000 / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Taking alkaloids and iridoid as the study, relationships of quantitative molecular structure and transmission rate on UF membrane were developed initially at exploring the mechanism of UF in Chinese herb decoction and to lay a foundation for the optimal design of membrane technology in the production of Chinese drugs preparation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The transmission rate of eight alkaloids and iridoid compounds in three UF membranes was determined, and quantitative structure-property relationships between quantitative molecular structure and transmission rate were developed by the data mining method of PLS or SVM.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Quantitative structure-property relationship models of three membranes were developed by the data mining method of PLS or SVM, correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.9. The parameters in the models included LUMO, AlogP, CMR, K&H2, K&H3.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The relationship of UF transmission rate of these eight compounds and their molecular weight are not simply linearly dependent, the main factors which affect the UF transmission rate are capacity of gain or loss electron, hydrophilicity or hydrophobic and compound spatial structure.</p>

Impact on membrane separation process of volatile oil-bearing water body of notopterygii rhizoma et radix by inorganic salting pretreatment / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the best pretreatment condition of inorganic salting on volatile oil-bearing water body of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix before membrane separation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The simulative system of volatile oil-bearing water body of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix was pre-treated before membrane separation by salting. The best conditions of salting were determined by selecting types and amounts of inorganic salt as investigate factors and comparing membrane flux and oil retention rate.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The best pretreatment condition of inorganic salting on volatile oil-bearing water body of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix before membrane separation was to add 2% sodium chloride (NaCl) according to the amount of oil-bearing water body. Gas chromatographic fingerprint showed that inorganic salting did not affect the active ingredient of volatile oil.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adding NaCl to volatile oil-bearing water body of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix before membrane separation can optimize membrane processes by improving membrane flux.</p>

Comparison of essential oil enriched with ultrafiltration method and extraction method respectively from essential oil-in-water emulsion of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride by GC-MS / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study on the separation from essential oil-in-water emulsion of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride by ultrafiltration and acetoacetate extraction methods respectively, and the comparison of the oil yields and chemical compositions.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Essential oil-in-water emulsion of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride was separated by ultrafiltration and acetoacetate extraction methods respectively, and the chemical compositions were analyzed and compared by GC-MS.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ultrafiltration method could enrich essential oil more and its chemical compositions were more similar to the essential oil prepared by steam distillation method.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ultrafiltration method is a good medium to separate essential oil from essential oil-in-water emulsion of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride.</p>

Effect of solution environments on ceramic membrane microfiltration of model system of Chinese medicines / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of differents solution environments on the ceramic membrane microfiltration of model system of Chinese medicines.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Taking binary system of soybean protein-berberine as the research object, flux, transmittance of berberine and traping rate of protein as indexes, different solution environment on membrane process were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>When the concentration of soybean protein was under 1 g x L(-1), the membrane flux was minimum with the traping of berberine decreased slightly as the concentration increased. When pH was 4, the flux was maximum with the traping rate of protein was 99%, and the transmittance of berberine reached above 60%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The efficiency of membrane separation can be improved by optimizing the solution environment of water-extraction of chinese medicines. The efficiency of membrane separation is the best when adjust the pH to the isoelectric point of proteins for the proteins as the main pollutant in aqueous solution.</p>

Study on correlation between physical and chemical parameters of oil-bearing water bodies and ultrafiltration membrane flux in four simulative system of traditional Chinese medicine volatile oil / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between physical and chemical parameters of oil-bearing water bodies and ultrafiltration flux in the four simulative system of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) volatile oil.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Four simulative systems of TCM oil-bearing water bodies such as Tsao-ko Amomum Fruit were selected as the experimental subjects. The membrane separating under the best conditions was carried out, membrane flux, physical and chemical parameters of stock solution and permeate were collected, and SPSS computer software was used for data processing.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The membrane separation significantly changed the physical and chemical properties of oil-bearing water bodies, resulted in lower electrical conductivity and turbidity and pH value increased; Physical and chemical parameters also affected the membrane process significantly, and the flux varied with the electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity and viscosity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is significant correlation between physical and chemical parameters of oil-bearing water bodies and their ultrafiltration flux in the four simulative systems of TCM volatile oil.</p>

Preliminary study to investigate dynamic extract process of Huanglian Jiedu Tang and the mechanism of subsidence produce / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the phenomenon of subsidence emergence in the process of Huanglian Jiedu Tang decoction extraction, and the mechanism of subsidence emergence.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>UV was applied to determine the concentration of total alkaloids and total flavones; Simultaneous determination of berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, baicalin and geniposide were carried out by HPLC; The solid holdup and precipitation rate were calculated by the formula. The relativity among these parameters was analyzed by the SPSS software program.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The contains of berberine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine in total alkaloids showed a good correlation with total alkaloids. The correlation between baicalin and total flavones was lower than that between geniposide and total flavones. Compared to precipitation rate, solided hold up shows a larger relevance with index component</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the change of time, the total alkaloids represented by berberine alkaloids and baicalin at a certain concentration can be regarded as the equilibrium point, or one generated by the critical point of precipitation, the reaction can generate "sediments"; because "precipitation objects" generated, reducing the concentration of the above-mentioned components, destroy the" balance". The relevant components of herbal medicine increased dissolution rate, at the same time might partly dissolved sediment, reaching a new equilibrium state.</p>

Ultrafiltration process of model system of Huanglian Jiedu decoction / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The UF process of model systerm of Huanglian Jiedu decoction is researched in the study to lay a foundation for the exploring of the substance foudation of membrane fouling, and for the the optimal design of membrane technology in the production of Chinese drugs preparation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using the membrane flux, fouling degree of membrane, preserving degree and adsorption capacity of effective materials as guide line, trying to find out the influence of macromolecule materials on small molecules in Huanglian Jiedu decoction.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The two small molecules berberine and gardenoside in Huanglian Jiedu decoction have high permeation rate. But for the reasons of interaction of macromolecule, the permeation rate of small molecules reduced greatly, membrane fouling and membrane flux declined intensify.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Starch and pectin are the two main macromolecule materials in Huanglian Jiedu decoction which cause membrane fouling and flux falling.</p>

Optimization of Reverse Osmosis Process of Oil-Bearing Water Bodies Ultrafiltrate from Compound Chuanxiong Capsules / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of liquid temperature, pressure, concentration, pH parameters on the membrane process and rejection in the process of using reverse osmosis membrane to concentrate oil-bearing water bodies ultrafiltrate of Compound Chuanxiong Capsules, and optimize the process. Methods With oil-bearing water bodies ultrafiltrate of Compound Chuanxiong Capsules volatile oil as the research object, the changes in flux under different operating parameters was measured. Results For this system, suitable operation parameters was as follows: pressure was 1.6 MPa, temperature was 35～ 40 ℃, pH was 9～10. Conclusion Using reverse osmosis membrane to concentrate oil-bearing water bodies ultrafiltrate of Compound Chuanxiong Capsules volatile oil, better flux and rejection can be obtained at the appropriate operating conditions.